Prof. Marcus Rohnke


Justus Liebig University Giessen, Center for Materials Research, Germany
Marcus Rohnke studied chemistry at Hanover University and graduated in 1999 with a diploma thesis in the field of solid-state electrochemistry. Within his PhD thesis at Justus Liebig (JLU) University Giessen he focused on the interaction of low temperature plasmas and oxygen ion conductors. During his PhD, he spent several research stays at Imperial College in London in the group of Prof. John Kilner and learned SIMS from scratch on a huge Atomika quadrupole machine. After a short Postdoc stay with Prof. Tatsuya Kawada in the materials science department at Tohoku University (Sendai, Japan) he took over in 2005 a permanent position as research officer at JLU Giessen. Here he built up a SIMS laboratory at the Institute for Physical Chemistry and is heading the laboratory since more than 17 years. In 2023 he was a visiting professor at the University of Catania. Marcus research work is dedicated to reactions and diffusion in materials and at materials interfaces. This covers a broad field from bone to battery materials research. Actually, Marcus is senior research officer and adjunct professor for physical chemistry at JLU Giessen. He is author and coauthor of more than 120 publications in per reviewed journals, two patents and one book chapter.

Talk title: characterisation of sodium ion batteries - from post-mortem to operando analysis
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been at the forefront of energy storage technology since the early 1990s due to their relatively high energy density (260 Whkg−1), reasonable cost ($153/kWh), and long lifespan.[1]However, the high demand, lack of raw material availability, poor ecological, political and working conditions in the mining countries require new battery concepts. Despite their lower energy density (~150 Whkg−1) compared to LIBs, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) appear to be an interesting alternative, especially for non-portable applications where weight is secondary. SIBs could be used for stationary storage of excess energy from renewable sources such as wind or solar power. Moreover sodium is the 6th most abundant element on earth and is more evenly distributed throughout the globe than lithium.

Researchers around the world are working on concepts for SIBs with liquid and solid electrolytes, so-called solid-state sodium ion batteries.[2]In most cases, the interface properties between the materials used determine the battery kinetics and long-term cycling behavior. Here surface analytical methods such as time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) play a key role, in combination with 3D analysis and cross-section preparation.[3]They offer the opportunity to learn more about interfacial processes taking place. This knowledge is essential for continuously improving the performance of batteries.

Within this talk we will give insights in our ongoing work on SIBs with liquid as well as solid electrolytes. We will highlight how SIMS, XPS, SEM and TEM can be used in combination with classical electrochemical methods to learn more about electrode and decomposition reactions in SIBs. The first example focuses on the interfacial kinetics in solid state Na batteries with the solid electrolyte NASICON (Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12). In the second example classical hard carbon electrodes from electrochemical cells with liquid electrolytes are characterized in 3D with a special focus on the so called solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Here a decomposition layer is formed, which has a significant impact to the cellular kinetics.  

Funding was received through POLiS Cluster of Excellence – Post Lithium Storage.

[1] R. Zhao, S. Zhang, J. Liu, J. Gu, J. Power Sources 2015, 299, 557–577.
[2] D. Schäfer, K. Hankins, M. Allion et. al., Adv. Energy Mater. 2024, 2302830
[3] T. Lombardo, F. Walther, C. Kern et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 41 2023 053207


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